In May 1995, the Government of China
announced the "Decision of the Central Committee of the
Chinese Communist Party and the State Council on
Accelerating Scientific and Technological Progress",
held a national conference on science and technology, and
decided to implement the strategy of revitalizing the
country through science and
education.
Revitalizing the country through
science and education is meant to carry forward fully the
thinking that science and technology are the foremost
productive forces, to treat education as the foundation, to
place science and technology and education in a prominent
position in economic and social development, to enhance the
nation's science and technology capability and its ability
to convert such capability into real productivity, to
improve the S & T and cultural quality of the whole
nation, to shift economic construction onto the track of
depending on scientific and technological progress and
enhanced labor performance, so as to speed up the
realization the nation's prosperity and
strength.
The Guidelines for Science and
Technology Work
"Science and technology
constitute the foremost productive forces". Under this
guiding principle, economic development must rely on science
and technology while science and technology must be geared
to economic development. Efforts are called for to bring
economic development onto the track of relying on scientific
and technological progress and enhanced labor performance,
and to scale the heights of science and
technology.
Basic Principles for S & T
Work
Economic and social development should be
driven primarily by science and technology development and
be assigned with primary tasks of overcoming stumbling
blocks encountered in economic and social development. The
organic integration of science and technology and the
economy should find expressions in formulation of strategic
targets, policies, system, and plans.
Science
and technology development should be energized by the reform
while the restructuring of the science and technology
management system should be deepned in the course of
development, Under the macroscopic control by the
Government, market mechanism should be given full play in
promoting scientific and technological
progress.
Remain committed to combining
independent research and development and the introduction of
advanced foreign technologies and vigorously pursue the
translation of scientific and technological results into
real productivity.
Maintain support for the
integration of both long term and near term objectives and
formulate rational plans for technology development and
diffusion and for applied research and basic research
activities.
In the light of the world science
and technology development trends and China's own situation,
scientific and technological undertakings should adhere to
the principle of limited objectives, well defined
priorities, concentrating on attacking the key problems with
concerted efforts, and daring to
innovate.
Respect knowledge, respect talent,
and create an environment favourable for people's exhaustive
playing of their roles and cultivating and bringing up new
talent. Academic democracy should be truly practised in
science and technology development and the democratic and
scientific spirit should be rooted in the decision-making
process for addressing major issues.
Stick to
the combination of professional research and development
with popular scientific and technological activities, the
combination of research and development with popularization
of scientific and technical knowledge, and the integration
of science and technology with education.
Main
Science and Technology Policy
In order to
exercise reinforced leadership over scientific and
technological endeavors, the State must strive to put in
place a scientific, democratic,
and
institutionalized decision-making process
so as to provide an environment that is conducive to the
advancement of science and technology and the execution of
major national S 8r T activities.
The State
should encourage its citizens and entities to engage in
scientific research, technology development, inventions, and
other creative activities, advocate and support effective
and timely application of S & T achievements to
production, and provide legal protection for intellectual
property rights so that inventors' lawful rights and
interests are not infringed upon.
The State
must have guaranteed funding earmarked for key research
areas and projects while encouraging greater public input in
science and technology by creating an S & T investment
pool absorbing government appropriations, funds raised by
enterprises and the public, loans from financial
institutions, as well as foreign funds. Economic levers
should be employed to set the direction for and promote S 8c
T development.
Advocate the creation of a
social climate of appreciating knowledge and respecting
talent; develop a democratic style of work to ensure
academic freedom; encourage exploratory and innovative
activities; and give ample scope to the ability of
scientific and technical personnel.
While
developing scientific and technological capabilities
primarily on our indigenous efforts, adequate attention
should also be assigned to the acquisition and assimilation
of foreign technology. On the basis of equality and mutual
benefit, a significantly greater level of international S
& T cooperation and exchange through official,
non-governmental, bilateral and multilateral channels should
be vigorously assumed.
Efforts are under way to
put together a comprehensive S~T legal system by
strengthening legislation and enhancing the public awareness
of legal work with respect to science and technology and
protecting intellectual property rights.
The
objectives towards the year 2000
To basically
put in place a S & T system that is in keeping with the
socialist market economy and the inherent laws of science
and technology development; to achieve major advances in
industrial and agricultural scientific research and
technological development, in basic research, and in high
technology research and development; to markedly increase
the contribution of scientific and technological progress to
economic growth; and to basically bring economic and social
development onto the track of relying on scientific and
technological progress and improved labor
performance.
The strategic objectives towards
the year 2010 are
To solidify and perfect the
newly established S & T system and realize an organic
integration of science and technology with the economy; to
train and turn out a highly qualified scientific and
technological contingent and markedly improve the nation's
S&T and cultural quality; to bring our S & T
capacity in important disciplines and some high technology
fields to or near the world advanced levels; to drastically
increase the ability to engage in independent innovation and
come to grips with critical technologies and systems design
technology in major industries; to enable our production
technologies in major areas to reach or approach the level
of the developed countries in early next century; and to lay
a solid foundation for building the country into a modern,
power socialist state.
China's laws and
regulations for protecting intellectual property
rights
Term of law and regulation Time of
Enactment
1 The Trademark Law of the People's
Republic of China Mar. 1, 1983
(Amendment) July
1, 1993
2. The Patent Law of the People's
Republic of China Apr. l, 1985
(Amendment) Jan.
1, 1993
3. The Technology Contract Law of the
People's Republic of China Nov. 1, 1987
4. The
Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China June 1,
1991
5. The Regulations of the People's
Republic of China for the Protection
of
Computer Software Oct. 1,
1991
6. The Regulations Regarding the
Implementation of International Treaty
on
Copyright Sept. 30,1992
7. The
Regulations for the Administrative Protection of
Agricultural Chemical
Products Jan. 1,
1993
8. The Regulations for the Administrative
Protection of Pharmaceuticals Jan. 1, 1993
9.
Supplementary Provisions of the Standing Committee of the
National People's
Congress for the Punishment
of Crimes of Counterfeiting Registered Trademarks
July 1, 1993
10.Law of the
People's Republic of China on Science and Technology
Progress
Oct. 1, 1993
11.The Law
of the People's Republic of China for Countering
Unfair
Competitions Dec. 1,
1993
l2.Decision made by the Standing Committee
of the National People's
Congress on Punishing
the Copyright Infringement Crimes July 5,
1994
13. Regulations for the Administration of
Audio and Video Products Oct. 1,
1994
I4.Regulations for the Customs Protection
of Intellectual Property Rights Oct. 1,
1995
15.Law of the People's Republic of China
on Accelerating the Commercialization of
S
& T Research Results Oct. 1, 1996
The
international conventions for the protection of intellectual
property
rights that China has acceded
to
Terms of law and
regulation Time of accesion
1.The Paris
Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
1984
2. The Madrid Convention for International
Trademark Registration 1989
3. The Treaty on
Integrated Circuits Related Intellectual Property
1989
4. The Berne Convention on the Protection
of Literary and Artistic Works 1992
5. The
Universal Copyright Convention 1992
6. The
Convention on the Protection of Phonograms
1993
7. Patent Collaboration Treaty 1993
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